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sample

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PostPosted: Mon Oct 23, 2006 11:08 am Post subject: Other small airborne units Reply with quote

Continuing the line with Russian Airborne operations, i've found some informations about other relatively unkown axis airborne units:

Hungarian airborne unit:

Hungarian Ministry of Defense considered setting up a parachute unit in late 1936. They thought about creating a small but efficient group that could be first dropped during Hitler’s inevitable move against Czechoslovakia and fulfill subversive duties and sabotage in Slovakia. The group was actually formed on 3MAY38 in Szentendre (sappers and bridge-builders had their HQ there). Captain Valér Stefán was in command. Having finished demolition training the 24 men moved to Pápa (military airfield there), and commenced parachute training. They were the “experimental” unit in formulating the “dos and don’ts” of parachute training, they were the first to test the H39M parachute (designed by engineer Captain Ákos Hehs) which was to become the standard parachute of the Army.

In July the Ministry issued a circular that they are expecting volunteers for a future paratroop unit. In August Captain Árpád Bertalan (picked as commander of the unit) and six young Lieutenants observed the training in Pápa. These officers became the core of the coming parachute battalion. On 25AUG38 they moved to Szombathely and on 2SEP38 they had their first jump. Their “mentor” was a pilot who had one jump under his belt (his plane caught fire and he had no other choice but to hit the silk). Only four officers remained by this time so the commander selected 20 more volunteers and on 11SEP38 the experimental parachute training unit of the Army was formed in Szombathely. After one year of training and experiment, in September 1939 the unit was redesignated Parachute Company and transferred to Pápa. After one year, in August 1940 they had enough men to form two more companies and became the Royal Hungarian 1st Parachute Battalion Hungarian Army was mobilized in March 1941 and on 11APR41 3rd Corps moved against Yugoslavia. 1ParBat got a task too (as far as it is known Bertalan insisted on participating because he thought it would be the last chance for the unit to obtain some combat experience before the big war
commences). A 104-strong unit was to be dropped near Szenttamás (the hungarian name of Serb city) and they were to take and hold the bridge over Ferenc/Franz-canal until Hungarian ground units get there. The unit moved to Veszprém Airfield on 12APR41. At 15:45 now-Major Bertalan got orders to go. Paratroopers boarded their five SM-75 aircraft and the planes began taxiing. The lead-Savoia with Betalan on board took off but lost her speed and fell from 50-80 meters. Bertalan and 19 others were killed in the crash while nine men could get out of the burning wreck. The mission was aborted. Later that day the order came through to do the mission with fewer men (some say the Savoia crashed because it was overloaded).
They took off at 19:00 but due to faulty navigation they were dropped early, some 20 kms from the target. Paratroopers joined the ground forces and fought as regular infantry. They lost one KIA.
Second mission was on 6JUL41. The 1st Reinforced Mountain Brigade launched its strike from Kõrösmezõ through the Tatár-pass toward Jablonice (current names unknown). As routes and bridges were demolished, supply could not keep pace with the brigade so airdrop was necessary. Ten volunteers of the ParBat were to accompany the supplies and guard it once on the ground. They moved to Debrecen Airfield and at 15:30 three SM-75s laden with supplies took off. The planes received fire from Hungarian units but they could successfully drop. Paratroopers suffered no casualties either.

As far as it is known from 1943 the battalion trained for plan “R” in Mount Bakony. This was the plan to take Southern Transylvania. The Parachute batalion was to occupy passes of the Southern Carpathians. The plan was put into effect – at least partially – after Romania left the axis side in August 1944. But as orders came through rather slowly and when the Army got into motion in September it was too late. Paratroopers were incorporated into the “Szent László” Division (a mixed unit) instead forming a parachute Regiment.
The first action this division took part in as a complete division (II.Paratrooper Battalion, Grenadier Regiment and Air Rifleman Regiment) from 22nd of December, 1944 to january 9th, 1945. At the Garam-Ipoly (a two name river) they fought bravely. They were outnumbered by the enemy 2 to 1 at Letkés-bridgehead. They fought for close to 2 hours and lost many soldiers but were able to drive an enemy twice their size, and better equiped, back. Therefore the Soviets withdrew from the attack and regrooped for another attack. By this time, instead of defending their posts in vain the retreated to a stronghold about 1 mile back. They cought up with the training regiment from Pápa. Then they fought in defence against the Soviets and Rumanians on the Balaton-highland and Zala-region. They inflicted incredibly high cassualties on the Rumanians in particular, and less so on the Soviets, but they held off the attack once again, this time they lost few men. They then retreated before the next offensive to german lines in the Zala region. The Germans used the St. Laszlo division for rearguard, but they refused to let the Germans fight alone while their unit was allowed to regroop, and fought along side the Germans in small mixed up units. They persued the enemy to the Mura (river), then later the Mura-vally, where they were beaten back. So they retreated back to Austria, fighting soviets all the way, just to surrender to the more sympathetic British forces. They put down their guns for British army on the 11th of may 1945. British army forced them to march across the Kor-Alpok, in the Carpathians. Once to where they were going the Brits deemed the St. Laszlo division trustworthy and allowed them their weapons, in return they did guarding work at various prison camps in the British zone until the end of 1945. Around October 1st to be exact.

Romanian airborne unit:

On 10 June 1941 the first paratrooper company of ARR ("Aeronautica Regala Romana" = "Romanian Royal Aeronautics") was created. The second company was formed in 1942 and the third one in 1943. The last one was the heavy weapons company. These units received the numbers 8, 9 and 10. They formed the 4th Paratrooper Battalion (because it was considered after the 3 balloon barrage battalions).

They had ZB 24 rifles and ZB 30 light machine-guns, as well as 7.65 mm Mauser model 1932 submachine-guns. The parachutes (type Irvin) were made in Romania, under license from Irving Air Chute Ltd. In 1943 they received more modern equipment, imported from Germany: model 1938 helmets and MP 40 submachine-guns, which became the main paratrooper weapon. The two rifle companies (8 and 9) had an identical structure: 3 rifle platoons, one machine-gun platoon (7.92 mm ZB model 1937 machine-guns), one mortar platoon (60 mm Brandt/Voina model 1939) and one pioneer platoon, equipped with Pignone model 1937 flame-throwers. There was also a recon platoon mounted on Zudapp KS 600 motorcycles. The heavy weapons company was equipped with 81.4 mm Brandt/Voina model 1939 mortars and 47 mm Böhler AT guns as well as with the regular rifle company equipment.

They were supposed to be transported by the 105th and 107th Transport Squadron (Ju 52) and the heavy equipment by the 109th Transport Squadron (DFS 230 gliders towed by IAR 39s).

In October 1943 there were only 215 completely trained troops. Antonescu ordered that the battalion be transformed into a regiment that would have had 2,877 soldiers.

On 23 August 1944 (the date when Romania left the axis side), only the 4th Battalion was operational with 861 battle-ready soldiers. It took part in the fights around Bucharest. Most of the casualties ocured when the unit was bombed by americans ina friendly fire incident

In February 1945, the regiment was disbanded at the request of the Soviets.


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Last edited by sample on Thu Dec 04, 2008 5:28 pm; edited 1 time in total
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sample

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PostPosted: Wed Mar 26, 2008 9:59 am Post subject: Other small airborne units part II Reply with quote

Slovak airborne units

In first months of 1942 year Slovak state, as ally of Germany, decided to create an airborne training centre. There was an idea to establish paratrooper unit in prewar Czechoslovakia, but tragic year 1939 was the end of this idea. Slovak airborne centre was founded at Junior Air Cadets' School situated at Trencianske Biskupice. The first group of volunteers entered the airborne centre in October 1942. Juraj Mesko was appointed Commander of this group - the nucleus of future Slovak paratrooper unit. All members of new airborne training centre underwent infantry training, sabotage, destruction course as well as communication and sapper course. Slovak Ministry of Defence asked Germany for assistance in airborne traininig of Slovak paras and delivery of para equipment (chutes, jump smocks, helmets,...). Germany turned down this request, but after start of Slovak's negotiation process with Italy, Germany decided to support Slovakia in his effort. 4 members of Slovak training centre including J. Mesko arrived to Wittstock-Dosse - Fallshirmjägerschule II in Germany on 12. June 1943. All underwent airborne training, successfuly finished on 8. July 1943. They arrived to Slovakia with complete para equipment. Airborne training centre moved to Banska Bystrica and to airfield "Tri duby" on 18. October 1943 and the first delivery of 50 chutes and helmets came from Germany in short term. The first jump from He-111 took place on 15. November 1943. Very interesting moment was on 30. November 1943 - the first mass jump demonstration took place near town Zilina (20 paras jumped from 2 He-111). In December 1943 airborne training centre was independent and named Parachute school. Slovak paras underwent night jumps (night jumps were not trained in Germany in paratroopers schools) in February 1944 paras took part on winter training near village Lieskovec. In term of outbreak of Slovak National Uprising there were about 80 Slovak paratroopers located at Tri duby. In the first weeks of uprising paratroopers’ main task was to guard airfield "Tri duby". In all following battles paratroopers fought as regular infantry. They took part in battles near willages Gajdel, Jasenovo, Svaty Kriz, along railway Zvolen - Kremnica. After elimination of uprising paras took part in guerrila fights and in mid of November J. Mesko disbanded para unit.


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