operation (from lat. operare) = work, series of movements and acts
campaign = (from lat. campus) = open field, summer season open country (suited to military maneuvers) warfare.
Both are subject to strategy. Operational strategy vs. Grand strategic campaign.
So it the scale of the engagement. This means that an operation is not vital to the overall war-effort, only to military ends/ ends in war. In contrast, a campaign represents fighting in accordance to political ends for the ends of war. The difference lies in the scale of the decision it (operation/campaign) soughts, the ends it seeks to achieve and the scale of will imposed on the opponent.
Operations become campaigns when they mutate from seeking "ends in war" to achieving "ends of war"
p.s. the Problem is that in Anglospeaking world the clear division of strategy and grand strategy is blurred. In Europe there is only "strategy", in US/UK operation = strategy and overall war effort/ends = grand strategy.
Old battle between Jomini, Clausewitz, Moltke, Luddendorf, Liddell Hart (to name a few).
When the Operation is over and both sides still want to fight,thus sending in more sprites/BG's and maps untill such time (Usually unknown to the user) that it has become a Campaign.
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In August of 2004, Zappi, Homba, Bambam887, RedScorpion and MOOXE all pitched
in to create this Close Combat site. I would to thank all the people who have visited
and found this site to thier liking. I hope you had time to check out some
of the great Close Combat mods and our forums. I'd also like to thank
all the members of our volunteer staff that have helped over
the years, and all our users that contributed to this site!
